The E9 Copedent

Ten strings, the A, B and C pedals and the knee levers of the Emmons setup: what each one moves, every combination the knees allow, and what a straight bar holds with each one down.

Reading this page

Everything below is worked out from one declaration: the E9 neck's open strings and the Emmons setup's pedals and knee levers, each as its source prints it. The strings table gives the open tuning string by string, from string 1 — the one furthest from the player. It is re-entrant, and the table shows where: strings 1 and 2 sound below string 3, so string order is not pitch order on this neck.

The change chart gives each pedal and lever, with the right knee's two-stop lever as two rows, one per stop. Then the combinations: any pedals at once, at most one lever on each knee, each resolved string by string by the rules on the copedents page. On this neck some combinations raise the fourth string to two different notes at once, and those are named and refused rather than charted.

The chord map is the centre of the page: for every combination that resolves, the major, minor and dominant seventh chords a straight bar holds at the nut, each named by its distance above E. The bar carries every chord up the neck with it, so a IV at the nut is a IV at every fret. Under the Bar puts the neck in your hands — press pedals and levers, move the bar, and the strings and every chord they spell are worked out on the spot. Find a Chord asks the question the other way round.

The open strings

The E9 Pedal Steel's open strings as the tuning's source prints them, string 1 — the one furthest from the player — first.
String Note Pitch
1 F# F#4
2 D# D#4
3 G# G#4
4 E E4
5 B B3
6 G# G#3
7 F# F#3
8 E E3
9 D D3
10 B B2

What each pedal and lever does

What each pedal and knee lever does, string by string: the source's own cell (a plus or minus sign per semitone, then the note the string reaches). A blank cell is a string the change leaves alone.
Change Engaged by 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A pedal pedal P1 ++C# ++C#
B pedal pedal P2 +A +A
C pedal pedal P3 ++F# ++C#
LKL left knee, pushed left +F +F
LKV left knee, lifted -A# -A#
LKR left knee, pushed right -D# -D#
RKL right knee, pushed left ++G# +E --F#
RKR (half stop) right knee, pushed right, soft stop -D -C#
RKR right knee, pushed right, hard stop --C# -C#

Open strings from Wikipedia, "E9 tuning"; cells from Wikipedia, "Copedent", each target note matching GFI Musical Products, "GFI E9 Copedent Chart". Setup: Emmons setup — every source read calls the Emmons arrangement the standard; the Day setup is the "less common" alternative.

  • The Day setup (GFI Musical Products, "The Basics"): On the Day setup, the functions of pedals 1 and 3 (or A and C) are reversed as well as the functions of the two left leg knee levers. It reaches the same tunings, so the chart below covers it.

The combinations

The knee rule allows 128 combinations of these changes, counting no change at all. 112 resolve into a tuning — 112 different tunings in all — and 16 are refused.

Each refusal is a string two changes raise (or lower) to DIFFERENT notes at once. No source read says which note sounds then, so these combinations are named here and charted nowhere:

  • C pedal + LKL — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • A pedal + C pedal + LKL — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • B pedal + C pedal + LKL — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • C pedal + LKL + RKL — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • C pedal + LKL + RKR (half stop) — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • C pedal + LKL + RKR — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKL — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • A pedal + C pedal + LKL + RKL — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • A pedal + C pedal + LKL + RKR (half stop) — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • A pedal + C pedal + LKL + RKR — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • B pedal + C pedal + LKL + RKL — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • B pedal + C pedal + LKL + RKR (half stop) — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • B pedal + C pedal + LKL + RKR — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKL + RKL — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKL + RKR (half stop) — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds
  • A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKL + RKR — string 4: C +2 and LKL +1 raise it to different pitches, and no source read says which one sounds

At the nut, combination by combination

Every resolved combination, and the major, minor and dominant 7th chords a straight bar holds with it at the nut, each named by its distance above E — the note the tuning is named for. Move the bar up a fret and every chord moves up with it.
Pedals and levers Strings retuned Chords at the nut
No pedal or lever none
  • V B Major strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 5 7 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • I E Major strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 2 3 5 6 10
A pedal 5 +2 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • I E Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 3 4 6 8 9
B pedal 3 +1 to A, 6 +1 to A
  • V B Major strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 5 7 9 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7
C pedal 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#
  • V B Major strings 1 2 4 7 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 4 7 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 5 6 8
  • bVII D Major strings 1 4 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 3 6 8 9 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 2 3 6 10
LKL 4 +1 to F, 8 +1 to F
  • V B Major strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 5 7 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 4 8 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6 8
  • iii G# Minor strings 2 3 5 6 10
LKV 5 -1 to A#, 10 -1 to A#
  • #IV A# Major strings 5 9 10
  • #IV7 A# 7 strings 3 5 6 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • I E Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • II F# Major strings 1 5 7 10
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 4 5 7 8 10
LKR 4 -1 to D#, 8 -1 to D#
  • V B Major strings 1 2 4 5 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 5 7 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7 8
  • iii G# Minor strings 2 3 4 5 6 8 10
RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 6 -2 to F#
  • v B Minor strings 5 6 7 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 4 5 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 1 3 5 10
RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 9 -1 to C#
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • I E Major strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 2 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 5 6 10
RKR 2 -2 to C#, 9 -1 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 3 4 6 8 9
  • I E Major strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 5 6 10
A pedal + B pedal 3 +1 to A, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 4 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7 10
A pedal + C pedal 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 5 6 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 4 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 3 6 8 9
A pedal + LKL 4 +1 to F, 5 +2 to C#, 8 +1 to F, 10 +2 to C#
  • VI C# Major strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 4 8 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6 8
A pedal + LKV 5 +1 to C (split), 10 +1 to C (split)
  • bVI C Major strings 4 5 8 10
  • bvi C Minor strings 2 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 5 7 9 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • I E Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • III G# Major strings 2 3 5 6 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 10
A pedal + LKR 4 -1 to D#, 5 +2 to C#, 8 -1 to D#, 10 +2 to C#
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7 8
A pedal + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -2 to F#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 3 4 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 4 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 4 8 9
A pedal + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 5 +2 to C#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • I E Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 2 3 4 6 8
A pedal + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 5 +2 to C#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • I E Major strings 3 4 6 8
B pedal + C pedal 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 8
  • V B Major strings 1 2 4 7 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 4 7 9 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 1 2 3 4 6 7 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 4 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 4 5 6 7
B pedal + LKL 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F, 6 +1 to A, 8 +1 to F
  • V B Major strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 5 7 9 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • bII7 F 7 strings 2 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7
B pedal + LKV 3 +1 to A, 5 -1 to A#, 6 +1 to A, 10 -1 to A#
  • #IV A# Major strings 5 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • II F# Major strings 1 5 7 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 4 5 7 8 10
B pedal + LKR 3 +1 to A, 4 -1 to D#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#
  • V B Major strings 1 2 4 5 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 5 7 9 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7
B pedal + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 6 -1 to G (split)
  • v B Minor strings 5 7 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 4 5 8 10
  • i E Minor strings 2 4 5 6 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 4 5 8 9 10
  • bIII G Major strings 5 6 9 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 1 5 10
B pedal + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 4 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7 9
B pedal + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 4 6 8 9
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 4 8 9
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 6 7 9
C pedal + LKV 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 10 -1 to A#
  • #IV7 A# 7 strings 3 6 9 10
  • bVI7 C 7 strings 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 4 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 4 5 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7 10
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 3 6 8 9
  • II F# Major strings 1 4 7 10
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 4 7 8 10
  • III G# Major strings 2 3 5 6
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
C pedal + LKR 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 8 -1 to D#
  • V B Major strings 1 2 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 7 9 10
  • VI C# Major strings 3 4 5 6
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 3 4 5 6 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7 8
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6
  • iii G# Minor strings 2 3 6 8 10
C pedal + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -2 to F#
  • v B Minor strings 4 6 7 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 8
  • bVII D Major strings 4 6 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 8 9 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 1 3 10
C pedal + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 9 -1 to C#
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 4 7 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 5 6 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 4 7
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 2 3 6 8 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 6 10
C pedal + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 9 -1 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 3 5 6 8 9
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 6 10
LKL + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 +1 to F, 6 -2 to F#, 8 +1 to F
  • v B Minor strings 5 6 7 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 4 8 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 5 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 5 9 10
  • bii F Minor strings 1 3 4 8
  • iii G# Minor strings 1 3 5 10
LKL + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 +1 to F, 8 +1 to F, 9 -1 to C#
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • VI C# Major strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • bvii D Minor strings 2 4 8
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6 8
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 5 6 10
LKL + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 +1 to F, 8 +1 to F, 9 -1 to C#
  • VI C# Major strings 2 3 4 6 8 9
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6 8
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 5 6 10
LKV + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 5 -1 to A#, 6 -2 to F#, 10 -1 to A#
  • #IV A# Major strings 5 9 10
  • #IV7 A# 7 strings 1 3 5 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 4 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 4 8 9
  • II F# Major strings 5 6 7 10
  • II7 F# 7 strings 2 4 5 6 7 8 10
LKV + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 5 -1 to A#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 -1 to A#
  • #IV A# Major strings 2 5 10
  • #iv A# Minor strings 5 9 10
  • #IV7 A# 7 strings 2 3 5 6 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • I E Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 2 3 4 6 8
  • II F# Major strings 1 5 7 9 10
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 4 5 7 8 9 10
LKV + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 5 -1 to A#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 -1 to A#
  • #iv A# Minor strings 2 5 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 3 4 6 8 9
  • I E Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • II F# Major strings 1 2 5 7 9 10
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 2 4 5 7 8 9 10
LKR + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 -1 to D#, 6 -2 to F#, 8 -1 to D#
  • V B Major strings 4 5 6 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 5 6 7 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 4 6 7 8
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 5 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 5 9 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 1 3 4 5 8 10
LKR + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 -1 to D#, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#
  • V B Major strings 1 4 5 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 4 7 8
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
LKR + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 -1 to D#, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#
  • V B Major strings 1 4 5 7 8 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 4 7 8
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 4 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + LKL 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 +1 to F, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 10
  • VI C# Major strings 4 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • bII7 F 7 strings 2 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + LKV 3 +1 to A, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 +1 to A, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • iv A Minor strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • bVI C Major strings 4 5 8 10
  • bvi C Minor strings 2 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 3 5 6 7 9 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7
A pedal + B pedal + LKR 3 +1 to A, 4 -1 to D#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -1 to G (split), 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 4 5 8 10
  • IV7 A 7 strings 2 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 4 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 4 8
  • i E Minor strings 2 4 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 4 8 9
  • ii F# Minor strings 3 5 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 4 5 8 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7 9 10
A pedal + B pedal + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 4 5 8 9 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10
A pedal + C pedal + LKV 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 10 +1 to C (split)
  • bVI C Major strings 5 8 10
  • bvi C Minor strings 2 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 4 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 4 5 7 9 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 3 6 8 9
  • III G# Major strings 2 3 5 6 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10
A pedal + C pedal + LKR 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 8 -1 to D#, 10 +2 to C#
  • VI C# Major strings 3 4 5 6 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7 8
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6
A pedal + C pedal + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -2 to F#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 4 6 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 8 9
A pedal + C pedal + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 5 6 8 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 4 7
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 2 3 6 8
A pedal + C pedal + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 3 5 6 8 9 10
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8
A pedal + LKL + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 +1 to F, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -2 to F#, 8 +1 to F, 10 +2 to C#
  • VI C# Major strings 1 3 4 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 4 8 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 9
  • bii F Minor strings 1 3 4 8
A pedal + LKL + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 +1 to F, 5 +2 to C#, 8 +1 to F, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • VI C# Major strings 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • bvii D Minor strings 2 4 8
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6 8
A pedal + LKL + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 +1 to F, 5 +2 to C#, 8 +1 to F, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • VI C# Major strings 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6 8
A pedal + LKV + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 -2 to F#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • bVI C Major strings 2 4 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 5 6 7 9 10
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 4 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 4 8 9
  • III G# Major strings 1 3 5 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 3 5 6 7 10
A pedal + LKV + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 5 +1 to C (split), 9 -1 to C#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • bVI C Major strings 4 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • I E Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 2 3 4 6 8
  • III G# Major strings 3 5 6 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 3 5 6 7 10
A pedal + LKV + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 5 +1 to C (split), 9 -1 to C#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • bVI C Major strings 4 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 3 4 6 8 9
  • I E Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • III G# Major strings 3 5 6 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 3 5 6 7 10
A pedal + LKR + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 -1 to D#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -2 to F#, 8 -1 to D#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 4 6 7 8
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 9
A pedal + LKR + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 -1 to D#, 5 +2 to C#, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 4 7 8
A pedal + LKR + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 -1 to D#, 5 +2 to C#, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 4 7 8
B pedal + C pedal + LKV 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 +1 to A, 10 -1 to A#
  • iv A Minor strings 3 5 6 8
  • bVI7 C 7 strings 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 4 6 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7 10
  • II F# Major strings 1 4 7 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 4 6 7
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 4 7 8 10
B pedal + C pedal + LKR 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6
  • V B Major strings 1 2 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 7 9 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 1 2 3 6 7 8 10
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 4 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 3 4 6 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7 8
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6
  • bII7 F 7 strings 2 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7
B pedal + C pedal + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -1 to G (split)
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 8
  • IV7 A 7 strings 2 3 5 6 8
  • v B Minor strings 4 7 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 5 8
  • bVII D Major strings 3 4 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 8 10
  • i E Minor strings 2 6 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 8 9 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 3 4 5 7
  • bIII G Major strings 6 9 10
B pedal + C pedal + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 8 9
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 4 7 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 5 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 4 6 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 9
B pedal + C pedal + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 6 8 9
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 5 8 9
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
B pedal + LKL + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F, 6 -1 to G (split), 8 +1 to F
  • v B Minor strings 5 7 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 3 4 8 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 5 10
  • i E Minor strings 2 5 6 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 5 9 10
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 8
  • bii F Minor strings 1 4 8
  • bIII G Major strings 5 6 9 10
  • bIII7 G 7 strings 4 5 6 8 9 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 1 5 10
B pedal + LKL + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F, 6 +1 to A, 8 +1 to F, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 6 9
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • VI C# Major strings 4 8 9
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 4 5 8 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • bvii D Minor strings 2 3 4 6 8
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7 9
B pedal + LKL + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F, 6 +1 to A, 8 +1 to F, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 6 9
  • VI C# Major strings 2 4 8 9
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 2 4 5 8 9 10
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 6 7 9
B pedal + LKV + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 5 -1 to A#, 6 -1 to G (split), 10 -1 to A#
  • #IV A# Major strings 5 9 10
  • #IV7 A# 7 strings 1 5 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 4 8
  • i E Minor strings 2 4 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 4 8 9
  • II F# Major strings 5 7 10
  • II7 F# 7 strings 2 4 5 7 8 10
  • biii G Minor strings 5 6 9 10
B pedal + LKV + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 5 -1 to A#, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 -1 to A#
  • IV A Major strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • #IV A# Major strings 2 5 10
  • #iv A# Minor strings 5 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 4 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • II F# Major strings 1 5 7 9 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 4 5 7 8 9 10
B pedal + LKV + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 5 -1 to A#, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 -1 to A#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 4 6 8 9
  • #iv A# Minor strings 2 5 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 4 8 9
  • II F# Major strings 1 2 5 7 9 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 6 7 9
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 2 4 5 7 8 9 10
B pedal + LKR + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 -1 to D#, 6 -1 to G (split), 8 -1 to D#
  • V B Major strings 4 5 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 5 7 9 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 3 4 5 7 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • VII D# Major strings 4 6 8
  • vii D# Minor strings 4 7 8
  • I E Major strings 1 2 5 10
  • i E Minor strings 2 5 6 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 5 9 10
  • bIII G Major strings 5 6 9 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 1 4 5 8 10
B pedal + LKR + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 -1 to D#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 6 9
  • V B Major strings 1 4 5 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 5 7 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 4 7 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7 9
B pedal + LKR + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 -1 to D#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 6 9
  • V B Major strings 1 4 5 7 8 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 4 7 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 6 7 9
C pedal + LKV + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 -2 to F#, 10 -1 to A#
  • #IV7 A# 7 strings 1 3 9 10
  • bVI C Major strings 2 5 8
  • bVI7 C 7 strings 2 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 4 6 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 4 5 6 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 8 9
  • II F# Major strings 4 6 7 10
  • II7 F# 7 strings 2 4 6 7 8 10
  • III G# Major strings 1 3 5
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7
C pedal + LKV + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 9 -1 to C#, 10 -1 to A#
  • #IV7 A# 7 strings 2 3 6 10
  • bVI7 C 7 strings 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 6 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 4 7
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 2 4 5 7
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 2 3 6 8
  • II F# Major strings 1 4 7 9 10
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 4 7 8 9 10
  • III G# Major strings 3 5 6
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7
C pedal + LKV + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 9 -1 to C#, 10 -1 to A#
  • #iv A# Minor strings 2 9 10
  • bVI7 C 7 strings 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 3 6 8 9
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8
  • II F# Major strings 1 2 4 7 9 10
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 2 4 7 8 9 10
  • III G# Major strings 3 5 6
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7
C pedal + LKR + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 -2 to F#, 8 -1 to D#
  • V B Major strings 6 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 6 7 9 10
  • VI C# Major strings 1 3 4 5
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 3 5
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 1 3 4 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 6 7 8
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 9 10
  • bii F Minor strings 1 3 4
  • iii G# Minor strings 1 3 8 10
C pedal + LKR + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#
  • V B Major strings 1 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 7 10
  • VI C# Major strings 3 4 5 6 9
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 3 4 5 6 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 7 8
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 6 8 10
C pedal + LKR + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#
  • V B Major strings 1 7 8 10
  • VI C# Major strings 2 3 4 5 6 9
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 2 3 4 5 6 9 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 7 8
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6
  • iii G# Minor strings 3 6 8 10
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKV 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 +1 to A, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • iv A Minor strings 3 5 6 8 10
  • bVI C Major strings 5 8 10
  • bvi C Minor strings 2 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 4 6 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 4 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 4 6 7
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKR 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 10
  • VI C# Major strings 4 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 3 6 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 3 4 6 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 2 7 8
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6
  • bII7 F 7 strings 2 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -1 to G (split), 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 8 10
  • IV7 A 7 strings 2 3 5 6 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 4 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 8
  • i E Minor strings 2 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 8 9
  • ii F# Minor strings 3 4 5 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 8 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 5 8 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 4 6 7
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 6 8 9 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 5 8 9 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
A pedal + B pedal + LKL + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -1 to G (split), 8 +1 to F, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 10
  • IV7 A 7 strings 2 3 5 6 10
  • VI C# Major strings 1 4 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 3 4 8 9
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 9
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 8
  • bii F Minor strings 1 4 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 3 5 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + LKL + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 +1 to F, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 9 10
  • VI C# Major strings 4 5 8 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • bvii D Minor strings 2 3 4 6 8
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7 9 10
A pedal + B pedal + LKL + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 +1 to F, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 6 9 10
  • VI C# Major strings 2 4 5 8 9 10
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10
A pedal + B pedal + LKV + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 -1 to G (split), 10 +1 to C (split)
  • iv A Minor strings 2 3 4 5 8 10
  • bVI C Major strings 2 4 5 6 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 3 5 7 9 10
  • I E Major strings 1 2 4 8
  • i E Minor strings 2 4 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 4 8 9
  • III G# Major strings 1 5 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 5 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + LKV + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • IV A Major strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • iv A Minor strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • bVI C Major strings 4 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 4 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 6 7 9
A pedal + B pedal + LKV + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 4 6 8 9
  • iv A Minor strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • bVI C Major strings 4 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 4 8 9
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 6 7 9
A pedal + B pedal + LKR + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 -1 to D#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 -1 to G (split), 8 -1 to D#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 10
  • IV7 A 7 strings 2 3 5 6 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • VII D# Major strings 4 6 8
  • vii D# Minor strings 4 7 8
  • VII7 D# 7 strings 4 5 6 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 9
  • ii F# Minor strings 3 5 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + LKR + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 -1 to D#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 4 7 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7 9 10
A pedal + B pedal + LKR + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 -1 to D#, 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 6 9 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 4 7 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10
A pedal + C pedal + LKV + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 -2 to F#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • bVI C Major strings 2 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 4 6 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 4 5 6 7 9 10
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 8 9
  • III G# Major strings 1 3 5 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 10
A pedal + C pedal + LKV + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 9 -1 to C#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • bVI C Major strings 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 3 6 8 9
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 4 7
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 2 4 5 7 10
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 2 3 6 8
  • III G# Major strings 3 5 6 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 10
A pedal + C pedal + LKV + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 9 -1 to C#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • bVI C Major strings 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 3 6 8 9
  • I E Major strings 3 6 8
  • III G# Major strings 3 5 6 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 10
A pedal + C pedal + LKR + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 -2 to F#, 8 -1 to D#, 10 +2 to C#
  • VI C# Major strings 1 3 4 5 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 6 7 9
  • vii D# Minor strings 6 7 8
  • I E Major strings 1 2 3
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 3 9
  • bii F Minor strings 1 3 4
A pedal + C pedal + LKR + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • VI C# Major strings 3 4 5 6 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 7
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 7 8
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6
A pedal + C pedal + LKR + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • VI C# Major strings 2 3 4 5 6 9 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 7 8
  • bii F Minor strings 3 4 6
B pedal + C pedal + LKV + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 -1 to G (split), 10 -1 to A#
  • iv A Minor strings 2 3 5 8
  • #IV7 A# 7 strings 1 9 10
  • bVI C Major strings 2 5 6 8
  • bVI7 C 7 strings 2 5 6 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 4 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 3 4 5 7 9
  • I E Major strings 1 2 8
  • i E Minor strings 2 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 8 9
  • II F# Major strings 4 7 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 3 4 7
  • II7 F# 7 strings 2 4 7 8 10
  • biii G Minor strings 6 9 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 4 5 7
B pedal + C pedal + LKV + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 -1 to A#
  • IV A Major strings 3 6 8 9
  • iv A Minor strings 3 5 6 8
  • bVI7 C 7 strings 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 4 6 7
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
  • II F# Major strings 1 4 7 9 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 4 6 7 9
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 4 7 8 9 10
B pedal + C pedal + LKV + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 -1 to A#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 6 8 9
  • iv A Minor strings 3 5 6 8
  • #iv A# Minor strings 2 9 10
  • bVI7 C 7 strings 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 8 9
  • II F# Major strings 1 2 4 7 9 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 4 6 7 9
  • II7 F# 7 strings 1 2 4 7 8 9 10
B pedal + C pedal + LKR + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 -1 to G (split), 8 -1 to D#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5
  • IV7 A 7 strings 2 3 5 6
  • V B Major strings 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 7 9 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 3 7 8 10
  • VI C# Major strings 1 4 5
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 5
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 1 4 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 3 4 9
  • VII7 D# 7 strings 5 6 8
  • I E Major strings 1 2 10
  • i E Minor strings 2 6 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 9 10
  • bII7 F 7 strings 3 4 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 3 5 7
  • bIII G Major strings 6 9 10
  • bIII7 G 7 strings 4 6 9 10
  • iii G# Minor strings 1 8 10
B pedal + C pedal + LKR + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 9
  • V B Major strings 1 7 8 10
  • v B Minor strings 1 2 7 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 1 3 6 7 8 10
  • VI C# Major strings 4 5 9
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 4 5 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • bvii D Minor strings 2 3 4 6
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 7 8
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6
  • bII7 F 7 strings 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7 9
B pedal + C pedal + LKR + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 6 9
  • V B Major strings 1 7 8 10
  • V7 B 7 strings 1 3 6 7 8 10
  • VI C# Major strings 2 4 5 9
  • VI7 C# 7 strings 2 4 5 9 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 7 8
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6
  • bII7 F 7 strings 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 9
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKV + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 -1 to G (split), 10 +1 to C (split)
  • iv A Minor strings 2 3 5 8 10
  • bVI C Major strings 2 5 6 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 4 7 9
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 3 4 5 7 9 10
  • I E Major strings 1 2 8
  • i E Minor strings 2 6 8
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 8 9
  • ii F# Minor strings 3 4 7
  • III G# Major strings 1 5 10
  • III7 G# 7 strings 1 4 5 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKV + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • IV A Major strings 3 6 8 9
  • iv A Minor strings 3 5 6 8 10
  • bVI C Major strings 5 8 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 4 6 7
  • bVII7 D 7 strings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 4 6 7 9
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKV + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 +2 to F#, 5 +1 to C (split), 6 +1 to A, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +1 to C (split)
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 6 8 9
  • iv A Minor strings 3 5 6 8 10
  • bVI C Major strings 5 8 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 2 8 9
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 4 6 7 9
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKR + RKL 1 +2 to G#, 2 +1 to E, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 -1 to G (split), 8 -1 to D#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 10
  • IV7 A 7 strings 2 3 5 6 10
  • VI C# Major strings 1 4 5 10
  • vi C# Minor strings 1 2 5 10
  • bVII D Major strings 3 7 9
  • bvii D Minor strings 3 4 9
  • VII7 D# 7 strings 5 6 8 10
  • I7 E 7 strings 1 2 9
  • bII7 F 7 strings 3 4 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 3 5 7 10
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKR + RKR (half stop) 2 -1 to D, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 3 5 6 9 10
  • VI C# Major strings 4 5 9 10
  • bVII D Major strings 1 2 3 6 7
  • bvii D Minor strings 2 3 4 6
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 7 8
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6
  • bII7 F 7 strings 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 3 5 6 7 9 10
A pedal + B pedal + C pedal + LKR + RKR 2 -2 to C#, 3 +1 to A, 4 +1 to F (split), 5 +2 to C#, 6 +1 to A, 8 -1 to D#, 9 -1 to C#, 10 +2 to C#
  • IV A Major strings 2 3 5 6 9 10
  • VI C# Major strings 2 4 5 9 10
  • vii D# Minor strings 1 7 8
  • bII F Major strings 3 4 6
  • bII7 F 7 strings 3 4 6 8
  • ii F# Minor strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10

Under the bar

No pedal or lever, the bar lifted — open strings

Each string: its open note, the change that retunes it, and the note it sounds under the bar.
String Open Retuned by Sounds
1 F# — F#
2 D# — D#
3 G# — G#
4 E — E
5 B — B
6 G# — G#
7 F# — F#
8 E — E
9 D — D
10 B — B

A straight bar here spells 37 chords — every chord tone string sounding, every other string left unpicked:

  • B Major (strings 1 2 5 7 10), Minor (strings 1 5 7 9 10), Power (5) (strings 1 5 7 10), Sus4 (strings 1 4 5 7 8 10), 6sus4 (strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10), 6 (strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 10), m6 (strings 1 3 5 6 7 9 10)
  • D Major (strings 1 7 9), 6sus2 (strings 4 5 8 9 10), 6/9 (strings 1 4 5 7 8 9 10), add9 (strings 1 4 7 8 9)
  • D# Minor (strings 1 2 7), m(maj7) (strings 1 2 7 9), maj7sus4 (strings 2 3 6 9), m(maj7)add11 (strings 1 2 3 6 7 9)
  • E Major (strings 3 4 5 6 8 10), Power (5) (strings 4 5 8 10), 7 (strings 3 4 5 6 8 9 10), maj7 (strings 2 3 4 5 6 8 10), Sus2 (strings 1 4 5 7 8 10), 7sus2 (strings 1 4 5 7 8 9 10), maj7sus2 (strings 1 2 4 5 7 8 10), add9 (strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10), 9 (strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10), maj9 (strings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10)
  • F# 7sus2 (strings 1 3 4 6 7 8), 7sus4 (strings 1 4 5 7 8 10), 9sus4 (strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10), 6sus2 (strings 1 2 3 6 7), 13sus4 (strings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10), 11 (strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10)
  • G# Minor (strings 2 3 5 6 10), Power (5) (strings 2 3 6), m7 (strings 1 2 3 5 6 7 10), Dim (strings 3 5 6 9 10), m7b5 (strings 1 3 5 6 7 9 10), m7#5 (strings 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10)

Find a chord under the bar

E Major on the E9 Pedal Steel

A straight bar spells E Major at 12 of the 12 bar positions. Each row gives the fewest pedals and levers that put it there, and every combination that does it with that few.

Where E Major sits: the bar position, the fewest changes it takes, and the strings that sound.
Bar Changes Pedals and levers
Open 0
  • No pedal or lever strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
Fret 1 3
  • B pedal + LKR + RKL strings 4 6 8
Fret 2 0
  • No pedal or lever strings 1 7 9
Fret 3 2
  • A pedal + LKL strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • C pedal + LKR strings 3 4 5 6
  • LKL + RKR (half stop) strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • LKL + RKR strings 2 3 4 6 8 9
Fret 4 2
  • A pedal + LKV strings 4 5 8 10
Fret 5 0
  • No pedal or lever strings 1 2 5 7 10
Fret 6 1
  • LKV strings 5 9 10
Fret 7 2
  • A pedal + B pedal strings 3 4 5 6 8 10
  • B pedal + C pedal strings 3 5 6 8
  • B pedal + RKR (half stop) strings 3 4 6 8 9
  • B pedal + RKR strings 2 3 4 6 8 9
Fret 8 2
  • A pedal + LKV strings 2 3 5 6 10
  • C pedal + LKV strings 2 3 5 6
Fret 9 2
  • B pedal + RKL strings 5 6 9 10
Fret 10 1
  • LKV strings 1 5 7 10
Fret 11 2
  • B pedal + LKL strings 3 4 6 8